Which option is NOT one of the six links in the updated Chain of Survival?

Which option is NOT one of the six links in the updated Chain of Survival?

• A. Recognize and activate emergency response
• B. Recovery and survivorship
• C. Advanced resuscitation
• D. Bystander CPR

Answer: (D)

The Chain of Survival has six links that run from recognizing cardiac arrest and getting help, through early and advanced care, to post-arrest recovery. Bystander CPR isn’t a separate link on its own—it's part of the early CPR link, which covers immediate CPR by bystanders or lay responders before professional help arrives. The other items map to distinct links: recognizing and activating emergency response is one link, advanced resuscitation corresponds to advanced life support, and recovery and survivorship aligns with post-arrest care. So the one that isn’t its own link is bystander CPR, because it’s included within the early CPR phase.

The Chain of Survival has six links that run from recognizing cardiac arrest and getting help, through early and advanced care, to post-arrest recovery. Bystander CPR isn’t a separate link on its own—it's part of the early CPR link, which covers immediate CPR by bystanders or lay responders before professional help arrives. The other items map to distinct links: recognizing and activating emergency response is one link, advanced resuscitation corresponds to advanced life support, and recovery and survivorship aligns with post-arrest care. So the one that isn’t its own link is bystander CPR, because it’s included within the early CPR phase.